home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
-
-
- THIS FILE IS MADE AVAILABLE TO MIDI/WorldMusic, A ROUNDTABLE ON GEnie,
- BY THE INTERNATIONAL MIDI ASSOCIATION (IMA), AND IS AVAILABLE FOR
- DOWNLOAD BY PERMISSION OF THE INTERNATIONAL MIDI ASSOCIATION (IMA)
-
- MIDI/WorldMusic IS ACCESSED VIA GENERAL ELECTRIC'S INFORMATION SERVICE,
- GEnie. ONCE LOGGED ONTO GEnie TYPE "MIDI" OR "M430" TO MOVE TO
- MIDI/WorldMusic.
-
- TO SUBSCRIBE TO GEnie (300/1200/2400):
-
- 1. DIAL 1-800-638-8369
- 2. UPON CONNECTION, ENTER "HHH"
- 3. AT THE "U#=" PROMPT, ENTER "XJM11906,GENIE" AND RETURN
-
- GEnie WILL STEP YOU THROUGH THE REST. IF YOU NEED FURTHER HELP CALL
- 1-800-638-9636.
-
- TO SUBSCRIBE TO THE IMA CALL 1-213-649-6434. TELL THEM MIDI/WorldMusic
- OF GEnie SENT YOU.
-
-
-
-
-
- Perhaps the most confusing part of the MIDI specification (to
- both experts and novices) deals with the four MIDI modes. In my four
- years of being involved with the MIDI interface and attempting to
- educate the public on its structure and uses I have come across every
- possible misconception that I can think of regarding the four MIDI
- modes of operation. Questions regarding modes pop up so often that I
- have been able to define three basic points of confusion: names,
- transmission v.s. reception and Mode 4 (Omni-Off/Mono).
-
-
- Names
-
- Most of the confusion here was caused by early misconceptions
- by certain manufacturers implementing MIDI on their instruments. At the
- dawn of the 'MIDI Era' there was a bit of confusions as to how modes
- were implemented. In fact there were initially only three MIDI modes
- defined in the MIDI specification previous to version 1.0. These three
- modes were Omni, Poly and Mono. Omni and Poly were fairly straight
- forward but the definition of Mono mode was interpreted incorrectly by
- one prominent manufacturer. This caused an eleventh hour re-definition
- of the structure of the MIDI modes as the specification was finalized
- as version 1.0.
-
- 'Omni' is a condition that can be on or off and not a true MIDI
- mode in and of itself. The condition 'Omni' is used in conjunction
- with Mono or Poly modes of operation to define four individual MIDI
- modes:
-
- Mode # Omni
- 1 On Poly
- 2 On Mono
- 3 Off Poly
- 4 Off Mono
-
- Unfortunately many people and some publications still refer to
- the MIDI modes as Omni, Poly or Mono. As you can see this is not
- always clear. Luckily, these three terms have come to represent three
- of the four actual MIDI modes as follows:
-
- Term True Mode
- Omni Omni-On/Poly (Mode 1)
- Poly Omni-Off/Poly (Mode 3)
- Mono Omni-Off/Mono (Mode 4)
-
- But what happened to Mode 2? Well, we like to call that the
- 'vestigial' mode. In other words its there but its really serves no
- purpose. Mode 2 is defined as Omni-On/Mono. What this means is that
- the synthesizer would attempt to respond to data coming down the MIDI
- line on all channels, and then assign that data to a single synthesizer
- voice - not the most practical of all applications.
-
- So the end result is that there are four 'official' MIDI modes.
- Only three of which are in common use and are refered to by the terms
- 'Omni', 'Poly' and 'Mono'.
-
-
- Transmisstion/Reception
-
- The next point of confusion is that of the difference between
- the way modes operate with repsect to transmission and reception. Many
- people mistakenly feel that MIDI modes are exclusively 'reception'
- modes and have nothing to do with the way a synthesizer sends out data.
- This is only partially correct. The condition 'Omni' is a reception
- condition - where a synthesizer will respond to all messages regardless
- of the channel number when Omni is 'on' and will respond only to data
- matching its channel number when Omni is 'off'. Invariably the
- question comes up on how to 'send data in Omni mode'. Well, MIDI just
- doesn't work that way. What the questioner usually wants to know is how
- to send data out through a MIDI system that will trigger all
- synthesizers regardless of their mode or channel. In order to
- accomplish this via transmission a synthesizer would have to
- simultaneously send sixteen copies of each message triggered by its
- keyboard or controllers. A large chord, some pitch bend and aftertouch
- would easily tax MIDI's bandwidth and cause the log jamming of MIDI
- data. This is clearly impractical and as such was not implemented in
- the MIDI specification. When Omni is 'on' a synthesizer transmits data
- on its basic channel only, even though is will respond to data on all
- channels. In order to trigger all synths in a system it is necessary
- to set the receiving instruments to 'Omni' mode or to the same channel.
-
- So what do MIDI modes have to do with transmission? Mode 4
- (Omni-Off/Mono) allows the synth to both send and receive data on
- multiple MIDI channels. Most people are only familar with Mode 4 as a
- reception mode where different parts can be played on a synth
- multitimbrally, via separate MIDI channels (i.e. Casio's CZ-101).
- However Mode 4 also allows for transmission on four MIDI channels.
- Although few synthesizers, and only one sequencer that I know of,
- implement this it is a very useful function. Specifically, a synth
- sending in Mode 4 will send a polyphonic chord on multiple MIDI
- channels. For example, assuming the basic channel of the instrument is
- channel 1, a C major triad will be sent as C/channel 1, E/channel 2 and
- G/channel 3 (note: the channels are selected according to the order in
- which the notes are played and not their hierarchy within the chord).
-
-
- Mode 4 v.s. Multi Mode
-
- Now that we have gotten to Mode 4 we find ourselves at the
- heart of yet another point of confusion about multi-timbral operation.
- In the original MIDI spec the only type of multi-timbral operation
- suggested was in Mode 4 which limits you to monophonic operation. As
- synthesizer design advanced instruments were developed that could play
- polyphonically on multiple MIDI channels. The Oberheim Xpander was one
- of the first synths of this type. Specific zones and voices could be
- 'mapped' to ranges of the keyboard and/or MIDI channels. But what MIDI
- mode is this? As it was multi-timbral it was typically called, albiet
- incorectly, Mode 4.
-
- This point was recently addressed by the MMA via a proposal
- for a fifth MIDI mode - Multi Mode. After much discussion it was
- decided that a synthesizer operating in Multi Mode was no different
- from two or three synthesizers operating in 'Poly' mode, except for the
- fact that it was a single instrument. A 16-voice synthesizer assigning
- four notes each to four MIDI channels operates over MIDI identically to
- four 4-voice synthesizers on separate MIDI channels. Because of this
- it was decided to keep the four MIDI modes as they are and not to add
- Multi Mode as a '5th mode'. However, it was decided that multi mode
- would be a recommended way of identifying a synthesizer operating in a
- multi-timbral/polyphonic mode.
-
-
- End of list.
-
- Download another file (Y/N)?